From Land to Legacy: How Indigenous Leaders Promote Wholistic Wellness

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v18i1.856

Keywords:

Cultural Safety, Indigenous-Led, Language Revitalization, Well-Being, Wholistic, Two-Eyed Seeing, Cultural Revitalization

Abstract

Background: Jim Thorpe of the Sac and Fox Nation exemplified excellence in sports and advocacy, highlighting his commitment to strengthening Indigenous identity. His advocacy for his Indigenous community demonstrates the power of Indigenous leaders in elevating the status and empowering Indigenous Peoples to overcome systemic barriers and affirm their identity. Though there has been research on the role of Indigenous-led initiatives in promoting wholistic health and well-being, research specific to British Columbia is sparse. Purpose: To conduct an environmental scan on the role Indigenous-led initiatives play in promoting spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical well-being in Indigenous communities through culturally safe practices. Methods: An environmental scan utilizing a Two-Eyed Seeing approach, was conducted to examine the impact of Indigenous-led initiatives on wholistic health and a concomitant analysis of three Indigenous-led initiatives present in British Columbia: The First Peoples’ Cultural Council (FPCC), the Indigenous Physical Activity and Cultural Circle (IPACC), and the Indigenous Sport, Physical Activity & Recreation Council (ISPARC). Results: There is ample evidence that Indigenous-led initiatives can promote cultural revitalization, and that connection to cultural practices fosters spiritual, emotional, mental, and physical well-being. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate how Indigenous-led initiatives nurture community resilience and promote wholistic health through connections to cultural traditions, aligning with Thorpe’s enduring legacy of promoting Indigenous excellence through cultural connection.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Absolon, K. (2019). Indigenous wholistic theory framework: A knowledge set for practice. First Peoples Child & Family Review, 14(1), 22–42. https://fpcfr.com/index.php/FPCFR/article/view/370

Adams, J. R. (2021, Season 2). The Jim Thorpe backlash: The Olympic medals debacle and the demise of Carlisle. NMAI Magazine. https://www.americanindianmagazine.org/story/jim-thorpe-backlash-olympic-medals-debacle-and-demise-carlisle

Ahmed, F., Zuk, A. M., & Tsuji, L. J. S. (2021). The impact of land-based physical activity interventions on self-reported health and well-being of Indigenous adults: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7099. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137099

Akbar, L., Zuk, A. M., & Tsuji, L. J. S. (2020). Health and wellness impacts of traditional physical activity experiences on Indigenous youth: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218275

Allen, L., Hatala, A., Ijaz, S., Courchene, E. D., & Bushie, E. B. (2020). Indigenous-led health care partnerships in Canada. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(9), E208–E216. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.190728

Bessette, N., Reade, M., McGregor, L., Berti, J., Naokwegijig, B., & Maar, M. (2023). Culturally safe practices in the co-creation of medical education curriculum with Indigenous animators: Outcomes from an Indigenous learning circle. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 10, 23821205231219430. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205231219430

Bottorff, J. L., Sarbit, G., Oliffe, J. L., Caperchione, C. M., Wilson, D., & Huisken, A. (2018). Strategies for supporting smoking cessation among Indigenous fathers: A qualitative participatory study. American Journal of Men's Health, 13(1), 1557988318806438. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318806438

Cameron (Anishinaabekwe), R. E., Bird, M. J., Naveau-Heyde (Mattagami First Nation), D. D., & Fuller-Thomson, E. (2024). Creating a “sense of belonging” for Indigenous students: Identifying supports to improve access and success in post-secondary education. AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples, 20(4), 732-740. https://doi.org/10.1177/11771801241291242

Coaching Association of Canada. (2024). Become a professional coach. https://coach.ca/sport-safety/become-professional-coach

Crowe, R., Stanley, R., Probst, Y., & McMahon, A. (2017). Culture and healthy lifestyles: Qualitative exploration of the role of food and physical activity in three urban Australian Indigenous communities. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 41(4), 411–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12623

Curtis, E., Jones, R., Tipene-Leach, D., Walker, C., Loring, B., Paine, S.-J., & Reid, P. (2019). Why cultural safety rather than cultural competency is required to achieve health equity: A literature review and recommended definition. International Journal for Equity in Health, 18(1), 174. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1082-3

Dubnewick, M., Hopper, T., Spence, J. C., & McHugh, T. L. F. (2018). “There’s cultural pride through our games”: Enhancing the sport experiences of Indigenous youth in Canada through participation in traditional games. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 42(4), 207-226. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193723518758456

First Peoples Cultural Council [FPCC]. (2024). Mentor-apprentice program. https://fpcc.ca/program/mentor-apprentice-program/

Forsyth, J. E., & Giles, A. R. (2013). Aboriginal peoples and sport in Canada: Historical foundations and contemporary issues. UBC Press. https://doi.org/10.59962/9780774824224

Hatala, A. R., Morton, D., Deschenes, C., & Bird-Naytowhow, K. (2024). Access to land and nature as health determinants: A qualitative analysis exploring meaningful human-nature relationships among Indigenous youth in central Canada. BMC Public Health, 24, 2540. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-20007-9

Indigenous Physical Activity and Cultural Circle [IPACC]. (2021, June 14). Traditional activities. https://iactive.ca/traditional-activities/

Indigenous Physical Activity and Cultural Circle [IPACC]. (2023a). NIPAAW. https://iactive.ca/nipaaw/

Indigenous Physical Activity and Cultural Circle [IPACC]. (2023b). IPACC national declaration. https://iactive.ca/ipacc-national-declaration/

Indigenous Sport, Physical Activity & Recreation Council [ISPARC]. (2023). Indigenous communities: Active for life workshops. https://isparc.ca/community-sport-development/sportforlifeprograms/

Indigenous Sport, Physical Activity & Recreation Council [ISPARC]. (2024). Indigenous cultural safety. https://isparc.ca/safe-participation/indigenous-cultural-safety/

Kahn, C. B., Reinschmidt, K., Teufel-Shone, N. I., Ore, C. E., Henson, M., & Attakai, A. (2016). American Indian Elders' resilience: Sources of strength for building a healthy future for youth. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research, 23(3), 117–133. https://doi.org/10.5820/aian.2303.2016.117

Kennedy, A., Sehgal, A., Szabo, J., McGowan, K., Lindstrom, G., Roach, P., Crowshoe, L. L., & Barnabe, C. (2022). Indigenous strengths-based approaches to healthcare and health professions education - Recognising the value of Elders' teachings. Health education journal, 81(4), 423–438. https://doi.org/10.1177/00178969221088921

Miles, R. M., Chow, M. I., Tomasky, G., Bredin, S. S. D., Kaufman, K. L., & Warburton, D. E. R. (2023). Wholistic versus holistic: Words matter for Indigenous peoples. The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 16(3), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v16i3.830

Molenaar, C. (2020). Indigenous oral histories and primary sources. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/indigenous-oral-histories-and-primary-sources

Ninomiya, M., George, N. P., George, J., Linklater, R., Bull, J., Plain, S., Graham, K., Bernards, S., Peach, L., Stergiopoulos, V., Kurdyak, P., McKinley, G., Donnelly, P., & Wells, S. (2020). A community-driven and evidence-based approach to developing mental wellness strategies in First Nations: A program protocol. Research Involvement and Engagement, 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-020-0176-9

Ninomiya, M. E. M., Burns, N., Pollock, N. J., Green, N. T. G., Martin, J., Linton, J., Rand, J. R., Brubacher, L. J., Keeling, A., & Latta, A. (2023). Indigenous communities and the mental health impacts of land dispossession related to industrial resource development: A systematic review. The Lancet. Planetary Health, 7(6), e501-e517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(23)00079-7

Okpalauwaekwe, U., Ballantyne, C., Tunison, S., & Ramsden, V. R. (2022). Enhancing health and wellness by, for, and with Indigenous youth in Canada: A scoping review. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1630. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14047-2

Pilarinos, A., Field, S., Vasarhelyi, K., Hall, D., Fox, E. D., Price, E. R., Bonshor, L., & Bingham, B. (2023). A qualitative exploration of Indigenous patients' experiences of racism and perspectives on improving cultural safety within health care. CMAJ Open, 11(3), E404–E410. https://doi.org/10.9778/cmajo.20220135

Sanchez, J., Maiden, J., Barton, E., Walters, L., Quinn, D., Jones, N., Doyle, A. K., & Lim, D. (2023). Factors that sustain indigenous youth mentoring programs: A qualitative systematic review. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 429. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-15253-2

Sarigumba, M. P., Soriano, M., Robson, J. P., Quiviquivi, I., & Cabrera, O. L. (2023). Understanding the role of youth in Indigenous territorial governance. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1200434

Shepherd, S. M., Delgado, R. H., Sherwood, J., & Paradies, Y. (2018). The impact of Indigenous cultural identity and cultural engagement on violent offending. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4603-2

Tanner, B., Plain, S., George, T., George, J., Mushquash, C. J., Bernards, S., Morton Ninomiya, M., & Wells, S. (2022). Understanding social determinants of First Nations health using a four-domain model of health and wellness based on the medicine wheel: Findings from a community survey in one First Nation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(5), 2836. http://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052836

Tu, D., Hadjipavlou, G., Dehoney, J., Price, E. R., Dusdal, C., Browne, A. J., & Varcoe, C. (2019). Partnering with Indigenous Elders in primary care improves mental health outcomes of inner-city Indigenous patients: Prospective cohort study. Canadian Family Physician, 65(4), 274-281. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6467659/

Viscogliosi, C., Asselin, H., Basile, S., Borwick, K., Couturier, Y., Drolet, M. J., Gagnon, D., Obradovic, N., Torrie, J., Zhou, D., & Levasseur, M. (2020). Importance of Indigenous Elders' contributions to individual and community wellness: Results from a scoping review on social participation and intergenerational solidarity. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(5), 667–681. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00292-3

Warburton, D. E. R., & Bredin, S. S. D. (2019). Health Benefits of physical activity: A strengths-based approach. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(12), 2044. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122044

Warne, D. (2023). Walking through truth: Indigenous wisdom and community health equity. Stanford Social Innovation Review. https://doi.org/10.48558/V0R9-6492

Welcome BC. (2024, March 20). Indigenous peoples in B.C. https://www.welcomebc.ca/choose-b-c/explore-british-columbia/indigenous-peoples-in-b-c

Whalen, D. H., Moss, M., & Baldwin, D. (2022). Language and cultural identity: Revitalization efforts in Indigenous communities. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 25(4), 312–326. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-022-01782-6

Wilson, K. (2003). Therapeutic landscapes and First Nations peoples: An exploration of culture, health and place. Health & Place, 9(2), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1353-8292(02)00016-3

Downloads

Published

2025-03-30

How to Cite

Boparai, I., Waller, J., Wruck, E., & Seto, J. (2025). From Land to Legacy: How Indigenous Leaders Promote Wholistic Wellness. The Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 18(1), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v18i1.856

Issue

Section

STUDENTS' CORNER