Effect of Hypoxic Training on carbohydrate metabolism, bone, and oxidative stress in Elderly Patients
Mini-Oral Presentation A3.25
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v14i3.466Keywords:
Hypoxic Training, Pre-Diabetes, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Oxidative StressAbstract
Purpose: From normal people to diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, it is not overnight, but a long course of disease. Between normal people and patients with DM, there is a stage of impaired glucose regulation, which is also called pre-diabetes (PD). People with PD are more likely to develop DM without effective intervention. PD does not reach the disease level, and after effective intervention, the development of PD can be delayed or not developed into DM and may even return to the normal state. Studies have found that altitude training can improve the ability of glucose transport in DM patients and help patients control their blood glucose. However, previous studies have found that high altitude hypoxia can lead to increased bone resorption, so hypoxia is one of the risk factors for osteoporosis (OP). Therefore, hypoxic training as a treatment for hypoglycemia may have the side effect of accelerating bone loss. At present, the intervention effect and potential risk of hypoxic training in PD population still need to be further explored. Based on this, this study aims to explore the effects of hypoxic training on bone mineral density (BMD), bone metabolism, glucose metabolism, antioxidant capacity and other factors in the elderly with PD, to further determine the improvement effect of hypoxic training on glucose metabolism in the PD population and to evaluate the potential risks of bone loss and oxidative stress proposed by previous studies. Methods: In this study, 12 healthy elderly men were recruited from community resident service centers(age:63.41±3.03years; body mass index (BMI): 25.34±4.76kg/m3; maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max): 38.87±4.76ml/kg/min; fasting plasma glucose (FPG): 5.71±3.82 mmol/l; oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 7.21±1.19 mmol/l; femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD): 0.96±0.08g/cm2; L1-L4BMD: 1.02±0.06g/cm2) . Thirty-six elderly men with PD and osteopenia (OST) were recruited from community hospitals (age: 62.23±1.58years; BMI: 26.92±6.98kg/m3; VO2max: 36.22±5.98ml/kg/min; FPG: 6.53±3.26 mmol/l; OGTT: 9.55±1.58 mmol/l; FN-BMD: 0.82±0.12g/cm2; L1-L4BMD: 0.90±0.12g/cm2). 36 elderly PD patients with OST were divided into hypoxic training group (HT group, n=12), normoxia training group (NT group, n=12), and model control group (MC group, n=12). Twelve healthy elderly people were classified as normal control group (NC group n=12), and were tested for VO2max, BMD and glucose metabolism indexes. Then each group was interfered for 36 weeks according to the intervention plan (Table 1). After the intervention, blood and urine were collected, BMD, bone metabolism, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity were detected by bone scanning (post-test). At an interval of 48 hours after blood collection, exhaustive uphill running was conducted. Blood collection was conducted at 24 hours after the end of running to detect oxidative stress indicators. SPSS22.0 was used for paired samples T-test and one-way ANOVA, values were provided as the mean±standard deviation (SD) significant was set at p<0.05. Results: After 36 weeks of training, in terms of glucose metabolism, FPG, OGTT-2HPG, HOMA-IR indexes, the post-measured values of HT group and NT group were significantly decreased compared with the pre-measured values (P < 0.05), and HT group was significantly lower than NT group and MC group (P < 0.05). BMD of HT group, NT group, post-test and pre-test were significantly increased (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between HT group and NT group (P > 0.05), and they were significantly higher than MC group (P < 0.05). In bone metabolism, the indexes of the indexes of parathyroid hormone (PTH), deoxypyridinoline (D-PYR), tartar-resistant acidphosphatase-5b (TRACP-5b), bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), and the post-test values of HT and NT groups were significantly decreased compared with the pre-test values (P < 0.05). The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and osteocalcin (OC) indexes in HT and NT, which the corresponding post-test values were significantly increased compared with the pre-test values (P < 0.05). The indexes of nitric oxide (NO) and malonaldehyde (MDA) in oxidative stress in HT and NT groups were significantly lower than those in MC group, and the post-test results in HT group were significantly lower than those in NT group and PC group (P <0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) index, NT group and HT group were significantly higher than MC group (P < 0.05), HT group was significantly higher than NT group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 1) Hypoxic training can control blood glucose, relieve insulin resistance, reduce bone resorption conversion rate, and improve bone density and antioxidant capacity of the body in the elderly with PD. 2) Training in hypoxic conditions simulating an altitude of 2,400 m did not pose a risk of BMD loss, bone resorption, and increased metabolic stress in PD patients.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Ning Li
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Terms of Publication
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Health & Fitness Journal of Canada’s right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- The Contributor (author(s)) represents and guarantees that the Contributor is the sole proprietor of the work and the Contributor has full power to make this Agreement and grant that the work does not infringe the copyright or other proprietary right of any other person; and the work contains no libellous or other unlawful matter and makes no improper invasion of the privacy of any other person. The Contributor also represents and is responsible for the accuracy of the work.
- The Contributor will read, correct, and return promptly galleys and page proofs to the Editor (or designate). The Contributor will be responsible for the completeness and accuracy of these corrections. If the Contributor does not return galleys and page proofs within the schedule agreed upon with the Editor (or designate), the Publisher may proceed without the Contributor corrections.
- When applicable, the Contributor agrees to obtain written permissions and letters of agreement for all matter contained in the work that is protected by existing copyright, paying any permission fees for the use of text or illustrations controlled by others, and furnishing the Publisher with written evidence of the copyright owner’s authorization to use the material.
- When applicable, the Contributor agrees to obtain written permission for inclusion of any photographic materials involving a human subject, and provide the Publisher with written evidence of the subject’s authorization to use this material. In the case of subjects who have not reached the age of majority, the Contributor agrees to obtain and furnish the Publisher with written permission from the parent and/or legal guardian.
- The Contributor may draw on and refer to material in the work in preparing other articles for publication in scholarly and professional journals and papers for delivery at professional meetings, provided that credit is given to the work and to the Publisher.
- This agreement may not be changed unless the Contributor and the Publisher agree to the change by means of a formal addendum signed by the Contributor and the Publisher’s representative.
- This agreement shall be construed and governed according to the laws of the province of British Columbia and shall be binding upon the parties hereto, their heirs, successors, assigns, and personal representatives. Should any formal proceedings related to this agreement be brought, such formal proceeding may be brought only in the province of British Columbia.
By submitting an article to the Health & Fitness Journal of Canada the Contributor has accepted and agreed to all terms outlined in the copyright notice.